Verbs Patterns in English Grammar | Lesson - 02

 

Verbs Patterns in English Grammar | Lesson - 02

In the first lesson, it was mentioned that there are mainly two types of verbs. One of them is the auxiliary verb. These are,

✍️ Principal Auxiliaries

✍️ Modal Auxiliaries

✍️ Semi modals

✍️ Principal auxiliaries verbs are “to be,” “to have,” and “to do.”

Different forms of “To be”

Affirmative	Negative form	Negative Short form
Am	Am not	Ain’t
Is	Is not	Isn't
Are	Are not	Aren't
Was	Was not	Wasn't
Were	Were not	Weren't
Shall	Shall not	Shan't
Will	Will not	Won't
Shall be	Shall not	Shan't be
Will be	Will not	won't be
Been -  Past Participle of “be.”

Different forms of “To have”

Affirmative	Negative form	Negative Short form
Have	Have not	Haven't
Has	Has Not	Hasn’t
Had	Had not	Hadn’t
Will have	Will not have	Won’t have
Shall have	Shall not have	Shan’t have
Will have been	Will not have been	Won’t have been
Shall have been	Shall not have been	Shan't have been

Different forms of “To do”

Affirmative	Negative form	Negative Short form
Do	Do not	Don’t
Does	Does not	Doesn’t
Did	Did not	Didn’t
Will	Will not do	Won’t do
Shall do	Shall not do	Shan’t do

✍️ Modal Auxiliaries include the following verbs.

Can and Different forms of Can

Affirmative	Negative form	Negative Short form
Can	Can not	Can’t
Could	Could not	Couldn't

Should and Different forms of Should 

Affirmative	Negative form	Negative Short form
Should	Should not	Shouldn't

May and different forms of May

Affirmative	Negative form	Negative Short form
May	May not	Mayn’t
Might	Might not	mightn't

Must and Different forms of Must

 

Affirmative	Negative form	Negative Short form
Must	Must not	Mustn't

Ought to and Different forms of Ought to

Affirmative	Negative form	Negative Short form
Ought to	Ought not to	Oughtn't to

✍️ Semi modals

Affirmative	Negative form	Negative Short form
To need	need not	needn't
Used to	Used not to	Usedn’t
To dare	Dare not	Daren’t

📖 By applying the principal and modal auxiliaries mentioned above, tenses, affirmative, and negative ideas are subtly reversed, and their changes are made.

✍️ The depth of infinitive verbs

👉 In English grammar, a verb's "stem" refers to the verb's base form without the infinitive marker "to." The "stem" of a verb is the part that remains when you remove the "to." Let's look at some examples of this verb:

Infinitive	Stem
To be	Be
To have	Have
To do	Do
To work	Work
To come	Come
To run	Run
To sing	Sing
To jump	Jump
To study	Study
To write	Write

👉 In each of these examples, the stem is the base form of the verb that remains when the infinitive marker "to" is removed. The “stem” is the verb form used in many tenses and verb conjugations.

👉 learning about verb stems is essential to understanding how verbs are used in different tenses and forms. Keep practicing and exploring various verb forms to strengthen your understanding of English grammar.

👉 “Do not” (don't) is used to make the negative form of these.

Affirmative	Negative
Be	Don't be
Have	Don't have
Do	Don't do
Work	Don't work
Come	Don't come
Run	Don't Run
Sing	Don't sing
Jump	Don't jump
Study	Don't study
Write	Don't write

✍️ Forming the present participle

👉 Next, let's look at the present participle, which is formed by adding "ing" to the stem of a verb.

Stem of verb + -ing	Present participle
Be       +    ing	Being
Have   +    ing	Having
Do       +    ing	Doing
Work  +    ing	Working
Come   +   ing	Coming
Run     +    ing	Running
Sing    +    ing	Singing
Jump   +   ing	Jumping
Study  +   ing	Studying
Write  +   ing	Writing

👁️ Note: Verbs ending in “e” must drop the “e” before adding "ing."

Example:   Come + ing      =     Coming

Have + ing     =     Having

Write + ing     =     Writing

✍️ Two meanings of +ing verbs

👉 The word formed by adding "ing" to the “stem” of a verb has two meanings.

👉 One is the present participle, and the other is the noun called Verbal Noun/Gerund which is formed by adding "ing" to the verb's “stem.” Thus, it should be remembered that a verb ending in "ing" has two meanings.

Being Running

Having Singing

Doing Jumping

Working Studying

Coming Writing

👉 Here are ten sentences for each of the two meanings of verbs ending in "ing": In these sentences, the verb ending in "ing" is used as a present participle to indicate an ongoing action or as a gerund (noun) to refer to a general concept or activity.

Present Participle:

1. Be : She is running in the park.

2. Have : They are having dinner at the restaurant.

3. Do : He is doing his homework right now.

4. Work : The employees are working diligently on the project.

5. Come : We are coming to the party later.

6. Run : The children are running in the playground.

7. Sing : The choir is singing beautifully in the concert.

8. Jump : The athlete is jumping over the hurdles.

9. Study : They are studying for their exams.

10. Write : I am writing a letter to my friend.

Verbal Noun / Gerund (Noun):

1. Be : Being kind is essential in life.

2. Have : Having patience is crucial in difficult situations.

3. Do : Doing exercise regularly improves your health.

4. Work : Working hard is the key to success.

5. Come : Her coming to the event was unexpected.

6. Run        : Running is an excellent form of exercise.

7. Sing        : Her singing mesmerized the audience.

8. Jump : Jumping high requires proper technique.

9. Study          : Studying helps you acquire knowledge.

10. Write        : Writing is a creative outlet for many people.

The negative form 

👉 The negative form for this present participle and verbal noun/gerund (noun) can be formed as follows.

Not Being Not Running

Not Having Not Singing

Not Doing Not Jumping

Not Working Not Studying

Not Coming Not Writing

👉 In these sentences, the verbs ending in "ing" are used as present participles to indicate an ongoing adverse action or as gerunds (nouns) to refer to the absence or lack of a particular activity or concept.

👉 Here are ten sentences for each of the two meanings of verbs ending in "ing" in the negative form:

Present Participle:

1. Not being : She is not being honest with her friends.

2. Not having : They are not having any luck finding a job.

3. Not doing : He is not doing his chores as he should.

4. Not working : The machine is not working correctly.

5. Not coming : Due to prior commitments, we are not coming to the 

  party.

6. Not running : The car is not running smoothly.

7. Not singing : The singer is not singing in tune.

8. Not jumping : The athlete is not jumping high enough to clear the

   bar.

9. Not studying : They are not studying for their exams, which is

  concerning.

10. Not writing : I am not currently writing a novel.

Gerund (Noun):

1. Not being : Not being present at the meeting affected his chances 

  for promotion.

2. Not having : Not having enough money is a common struggle for many

  people.

3. Not doing : Not doing your best can hinder your progress.

4. Not working : Not working diligently can lead to unsatisfactory 

  results.

5. Not coming : Not coming to the event disappointed her friends.

6. Not running : Not running regularly can negatively impact your 

  fitness.

7. Not singing : Not singing in public is a personal choice for many 

  individuals.

8. Not jumping : Not jumping into new opportunities can limit personal 

  growth.

9. Not studying : Not studying consistently can lead to poor academic

                            performance.

10. Not writing : Not writing regularly can hinder your writing

  development.

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Next, Go To "Verbs Patterns in English Grammar | Lesson 3"